The CCTA class takes the CCSA topics (Access Control policy and associated features basically) and gets into much more troubleshooting depth. Using fw monitor, fw ctl zdebug drop, SmartConsole issues, gateway logging problems, NAT debugging, HTTPS Inspection, extended VPN debugging, etc. I suppose some of the CCTA content overlaps with the discontinued CCSM class but not much.
I have not run a CCTE class, so I can't comment there. Looks like it takes the CCSE topics (Threat Prevention and such) and does a deep dive for troubleshooting.
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