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I asked @CheckMatesAI for an answer, and it provided little more than a link to sk138672 and to CheckMates 🙂 

In simple terms, MDPS dedicates one of the cores on the security gateway to the following functions:

• Access to the Gateway Itself: SSH, FTP, and more
• Provisioning: Policy installation, Gaia Portal, REST API
• Monitoring: Logs, SNMP

Normally, these functions run on processes on cores that are shared with cores that process traffic.
MDPS also provides a separate routing table for these functions as well as others you can configure.

If you're experiencing issues with these functions and the gateways operate under significant load, MDPS can be helpful.
It's important to understand the known limitations should you choose to enable it.
In most situations, MDPS is not necessary.